Debt-based money and wealth concentration

Former central banker and currency trader Bernard Lietaer has criticised the global monetary system for “concentrating wealth upwards”, a position that should be uncontroversial given that, according to Oxfam, last year 26 people owned as much as the 3.8 billion people who make up the poorest half of humanity. Intuitively we understand that debt lies at the heart of the problem, but how exactly does the present system produce such inequality? The following features of the debt-based monetary system suggests how at every level it works to concentrate wealth:

1. Credit worthiness- loans are readily available to the wealthy and scarce to those on lower incomes deemed to be higher credit risks.
2. Compound interest - the wealthy benefit from potentially exponential rises in interest income on large bank deposits as interest is earned both on the principal sum of a deposit and all previously accumulated interest. This incentivises the wealthy to hoard capital in low risk deposits and interest bearing assets like bonds rather than invest capital in risky business ventures, slowing the circulation of money in the wider economy.
3. Leverage - access to credit and financial expertise allows the wealthy to use debt to amplify returns from trading low risk securities, for example allowing an investor with £1000,000 of capital to earn a 2% profit on a £10,000,000 security. 
4. Asymmetric information- access to exclusive and timely knowledge about complex financial markets and products enables wealthy investors to take advantage of upward or downward movements in market prices.
5. Cantillion effect- new credit issued by banks typically goes to credit-worthy individuals and institutions first, who are able to spend the new money before this increase in the money supply inflates the prices of goods and services in the economy. Those who receive new money later, either indirectly through the wider circulation of money spent by early recipients of credit or directly through knock on demand for new credit, are only able to spend after prices have inflated. This relative difference in spending power between early and late recipients of new money works to distribute resources and incomes to the wealthy.
6. Global capital - wealthy investors can deploy capital internationally, and typically do so to profit from indebted less developed countries with weaker, more unstable currencies. When a government meets its international debt obligations, a portion of that country's wealth is siphoned off in interest payments to foreign creditors, but if these debts, which are denominated in stronger overseas currencies, become un-repayable in the weaker currency of a less developed country, the resulting loss of confidence in bond and foreign exchange markets leads to a sell off and devaluation of that currency, causing domestic prices and incomes to fall relative to those in countries with stronger currencies where international creditors are based. This gives foreign creditors and investors the purchasing power to buy up the country's assets cheaply, redistributing wealth and resources away from the poorer indebted country to holders of capital in richer countries (see Dollar Risk: Hot Money and the East Asian Currency Crisis).